The urheen begins in the Tang Dynasty, until now already some more than 1000 years history.It originated most early in our country ancient times north a local national minority, was called “the Xi qin” at that time.Song Dynasty scholar Chen Yi records “Xi qin this Hu Le in “Happy Book” also ……” the Tang Dynasty poet Cen senate to carry “the armed forces to arrange a banquet drinks person returning from abroad, Chinese violin pipa and bamboo flute” the verse, showed the Chinese violin started in the Tang Dynasty to spread, moreover is the Western bowed instrument and the ball pulls out the musical instrument always to call. To Song Dynasty, also names the Chinese violin is “the Ji qin”.Song Dynasty superficial study Chen Yuan dresses up in “Matter Lin Guang Records” records like this: Ji Qinben Ji Kang makes, therefore “Ji qin”.Song Dynasty scholar Shen Kuo in “Makes up Converses in writing · Happy Law” to record: “The bright rather, the palace feast, instruction office actor Xu Yan plays the Ji qin, but only then urges somebody to drink a string certainly, spreads out not the easy qin, only uses a string end its tune.” The explanation had the very high performance level in the Northern Song Dynasty time.When Emperor Xu Yanwei ministers’ plays” the Ji qin”, broke a string, still used another string to play the tune. The adept technique has not been cannot achieve.Afterwards Shen Kuo “Conversed in writing in Dream Brook” records “the horse’s tail Chinese violin along with the Chinese east, bent sound still resentment Chanyu.Bends the bow not shoots the wild goose, turns over to the wild goose not to mail out now.” Explanation when Northern Song Dynasty had the horse’s tail Chinese violin.
Yuan Dynasty “Yuan history · Ritual music Will” carries “the Chinese violin system like fire not to think, curls Gu Longshou, two strings with bow lie it, string of the bow further elaborated the Chinese violin manufacture principle by the horse’s tail”.Has spread over north Chiangnan to a bright peaceful and orderly times generation of Chinese violin, the beginning becomes the folk drama accompaniment and the musical instrument instrumental ensemble’s main performance musical instrument. To the modern times, the Chinese violin only then changed the name as the urheen.Since more than half centuries, the urheen performance level entered the exuberant time.Mr. Liu Tianhua is modernist school’s first ancestor, he has profited from the Western musical instrument performance technique and the skill, bold, the urheen localization is scientifically five the position, thus expanded the urheen range scope sufficiently, has enriched the expressive force, has established the new artistic connotation.From this, the urheen escapes Ying from the folk accompaniment to come out, becomes the unique solo musical instrument, also will enter the place of refinement music hall for later and music colleges and universities has laid the foundation. After new China is founded, national, the folk music development is very quick, in order to excavate the folk entertainer’s artistic treasure vigorously, Hua Yanjun, Liu Beimao and so on the folk entertainer’s urheen music is filled after the reorganization the phonograph record, causes the urheen performance art like mushroom growth swift and violent development.On the century 50’s and the 60’s have emerged Zhang Rui, Zhang Shao, the king class B successively for representative’s one group of urheen educationalist and the concert performer, under theirs influence, also trained the new urheen concert performer to pity Whiffen, Wang Guotong and so on.Urheen composer Liu Wenjin “the Great Wall Capriccio” and so on the urheen performance superior display, and innovates sedulously, causes the urheen to glow the new vitality and the extraordinary splendor.
The supplement – – provides the material according to “Chinese Cultural history 300 Topics”, Song Dynasty is the external musical instrument and the area south of Yellow River culture fusion development second stage.While Song Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties time, along with drama, acrobatics development, folk musical instrument “banister” “tile-roofed house” emerged has developed own accompaniment musical instrument.The in which most main musical instrument is the source from Mongolian, the western region horse’s tail Chinese violin (called two string qins), after the Ji qin which stays behind with the previous dynasty, roll over the zheng fusion, formulates the novel Chinese violin.This musical instrument symbolized fully the China stringed musical instrument moves towards maturely.Afterwards, as a result of the local opera melody of an aria style need, the Chinese violin split up gradually, appears coordinates board Hu who Shaanxi opera, the Henan opera needed, the jinghu, the Beijing urheen which the Peking opera, the Hubei opera needed, the henan zhuizi to need to fall Hu, high Hu who the Guangdong Guangdong opera needed, the coconut hu which the Chao opera needed, the big tube which the Hunan flower drum used, the four stringed fiddle which the Mongolian traditional entertainment involving talking and singing used, the lid board which the Sichuan opera used, four strings which river South Vietnam transferred, the pillow qin which the Fujian Putian play used, the ox-leg qin which Dong Xi used, the strong play used the horse bone qin, Shanxi Opera used 2 ply string and so on stringed musical instruments.Therefore, the urheen in fact is in this multitudinous stringed musical instrument one kind, after it acquires fame by far in the Chinese violin.Therefore said “the urheen” begins in Tang Dynasty is inaccurate, should say “the Chinese violin” begins in the Tang Dynasty.
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