1. 英语翻译【读《人间失格》——太宰治的天鹅之作】NotesFor”
Coincidentally the case of a very clever,I saw this book,a look at the title,the income will not hesitate,and they have not read,a bit inconsistent.A finish on the suicide of an autobiographical novel,what bearing his sense of what ideas and mental state?I met the book by coincidence,Just when I read the name,I decided to buy it without hesitation.But after that I was scared to read it,there was a little conflict in my heart.Actually,when the author finished this autobiographical novel ,he chose to suicide!Why has he done this?How It’s bearing his consciousness and mental state?An absurd act,give up on themselves,knowing what is wrong and what is evil,what is the harm,what to avoid and what is corrupt,but still do so on their own,but also for others to do so,so much so that their loss of a human qualifications,time and again of suicide.Court of possession of a large leaf that is such a very thorough look at the Floating Life,the social reality and the people around us to see too ugly,but unable to resist,but yet could not bear to stop hurting others,and also watched out for their own mental breakdown men.An act of absurd,abandonment man,who has known what is wrong,what is evil,what is the harm,what is the escape,what is fallen,but still do it by himself,and also do it to the others,so that he lost the qualification to be a human being at the end,self-murder again and again.The leading character is a man who has penetrated his life,watching social reality and the crowd around are too ugly,but unable to resist,cannot bear to do it but kept to hurt others,finally,he has watching his mental breakdown.”In a sense classification,Nietzsche is ‘strong’ the nihilist,the performance is strong,but Dazai is” weak “nihilism,the performance is a coward – there’s strong and weak,only a kind of floating on top of the profile exists,or the same nature in the end.”Indeed,Dazai is representative of a rogue faction of literature,his performance is a” weak aesthetics,”which in the present,but also in many ordinary people who:rejection of all forms of compromise,to give up resistance to express their position,they no longer control their own,and child abuse have been arbitrarily and may have heart juggernaut,but it was the secular erosion of black and blue.”Cowards are afraid to even the well-being,also encountered injuries of cotton” – non-resistance,there is also a crime!”In some sense,Nietzsche belong to a strong nihilist,” his performance is strong,Osamu Dazai is a weak nihilis,he puts in a good performance as a coward.Strong and weak,here is just a float in the existence of above,the two arguments are in essence the same.”Indeed,Osamu Dazai is the representative for ‘rascal literature’,his performance is a kind of” weak aesthetics “,at present,It’s also can be found in other ordinary people:refuse all forms of compromise,they give way to express their position,they are no longer control themselves,hurt anybody at their pleasure,maybe they were kind-hearted before,but they were destroyed by the secular society.”Even face to happiness,coward is also in fear,cotton will hurt him too!”- – no resistance,is a sin!We need to say thank you to Osamu Dazai,for reveal people,Uncovered his blooding scar,show your another state of human nature,that a weak and dilapidated,dark and alienation of the soul.。
2. 人间失格中的一句话
这话肯定是不可能单独存在的。
个人理解哈：
用人间失格开篇那段已经很明显说明小说的本意是执着于这一点，如果一个人对于别人没有什么实际价值上的作用而只是单纯的有人格上的“美”感，是不是没有被社会承认和喜欢的价值。
这一点上，似乎是小说在男人和女人的处理方式上很明显的有对比，强调像掘木、比目鱼等男性角色都是在主角有利用价值时毕恭毕敬、没有价值时冷眼旁观，女性们倒是经常主动凑上来表示关心、仿佛并没有什么特别的想从主角身上得到什么的欲望，若白天代表为日常生活而隐藏真实想法、晚上睡觉就比较明显是代表真实情感表露。
这里写女人还比较两面派，有白天的“世俗”、“胁迫”等现实方面和晚上的“喜悦”、“恩惠”等感情方面交织，前面一段写J女的那种真实感的特征就很明显了：“她们没有一丁点儿的欲望，简直达到了令人悲哀的地步。。。。。。常常向我表示出自然天成的好意，而从不让人感到局促不安。毫无算计之心的好意，绝无勉强之嫌的好意”。
所以联系在一起，应该是在说，相比于男人无论白天晚上都非常的功利现实，女人反而比较分得清，需要功利现实时功利现实，然而看到美好而无用的东西时又会特别的表达自己的喜好、完全天然的呈现自己的好意。
主角想到这段，是觉得常子会如同别的女人一样、虽然晚上与他许多恩惠和温情、一到白天又会自己给过的这些温情而怒于他不告而别的行为、他害怕见到常子的怒气、因为他觉得女人在这两方面分得是清清楚楚的（不过后来证实常子比较特别）。
比较复杂哈？
3. 为什么《人间失格》要翻译为人间失格
作者：柳叶刀
链接：/question/50470054/answer/121267768
来源：知乎
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一句话：早期的译者这么翻是因为能力不足，后期的译者这么翻是因为懒。
这里仅从翻译角度讨论这个译名。
在「直译」和「意译」的基础之上，美国学者劳伦斯•韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti）提出了「归化」（domesticating translation）和「异化」（foreignizing translation）的概念，加入了更多文化方面的考量。
归化：让作者向读者靠拢。用译语同化源语，迎合译语读者的文化语境。
异化：让读者向作者靠拢。尽量保留源语的文化、语言特点。
国内主流译本将标题「人间失格」翻译为「人间失格」，显然是试图选择「异化」的翻译方法。而且更极端，直接「零翻译」了。异化没有错，但「人间失格」这一译法糟糕的地方在于，「人间」是汉语和日语共用的，而两个词的意思差别极大：
人间：（社会中的）人。
人间：人类社会、尘世、民间。
这导致很多不懂日语的读者对标题产生误解，若无外界提示，很难意识到自己理解错了。
「人间失格」的英文版标题 No Longer Human 采用了意译，译者 Donald Keene 还在前言中特意补充了标题的直译「Disqualified from Being Human」。无论直译意译，起码都没有造成误解，意译出的「No Longer Human」还尽量还原了「人间失格」的语言风格。
我最早读到的译本为吉林出版社的许时嘉版，后来又读了江苏凤凰的烨伊版，但这两版都没有对标题翻译作出解释。随手翻了下太宰治的原版，「人间失格」直接出现是在第三手札中，当时叶藏被送入了精神病院，日文原文如下：
人间、失格。
もはや、自分は、完全に、人间で无くなりました。
许时嘉：
当人，我不够资格了。
我已经完完全全不再是个人了。
烨伊：
我丧失了做人的资格。
不如说，我已经不能被称之为人了。
硕大的「人间失格」四个字就写在标题上，但是许多普通读者读到这里时不会发现，这两段话才是「人间失格」的真正含义。
韦努蒂在解释「异化」时说，译本应当最大程度保留文化差异，提醒读者翻译维艰，译语和源语所处的文化间存在着不可跨越的鸿沟（如此看来，林少华应华东师范大学出版社翻译的新版《人的失格》标题倒算是标准的「异化」译法）。「人间失格」不但没有做到这点，还走向了反面。显然某些中文译者既没有 Donald Keene「归化」的翻译水平，又根本不会「异化」。
